Mental Maps - How We See the World

A persons perception of the world is known as a mental map. A mental map is an individuals own internal map of their known world. Geographers like to learn about the mental maps of individuals and how they order the space around them. This can be investigated by asking for directions to a landmark or other location, by asking someone to draw a sketch map of an area or describe that area, or by asking a person to name as many places (i.e. states) as possible in a short period of time. Its quite interesting what we learn from the mental maps of groups. In many studies, we find that those of lower socioeconomic groups have maps which cover smaller geographic areas than the mental maps of affluent individuals. For instance, residents of lower-income areas of Los Angeles know about upscale areas of the metropolitan area such as Beverly Hills and Santa Monica but really dont know how to get there or where they are exactly located. They do perceive that these neighborhoods are in a certain direction and lie between other known areas. By asking individuals for directions, geographers can determine which landmarks are embedded in the mental maps of a group. Many studies of college students have been performed around the world to determine their perception of their country or region. In the United States, when students are asked to rank the best places to live or the place they would most like to move to, California and Southern Florida consistently rank very high. Conversely, states such as Mississippi, Alabama, and the Dakotas rank low in the mental maps of students who dont live in those regions. Ones local area is almost always viewed most positively and many students, when asked where theyd like to move, just want to stay in the same area where they grew up. Students in Alabama rank their own state as a great place to live and would avoid the North. It is quite interesting that there are such divisions in the mental maps between the northeast and southeast portions of the country which are remnants of the Civil War and a division over 140 years ago. In the United Kingdom, students from around the country are quite fond of the southern coast of England. Far northern Scotland is generally perceived negatively and even though London is near the cherished southern coast, there is an island of slightly negative perception around the metropolitan area. Investigations of mental maps show that the mass medias coverage and stereotypical discussions and coverage of places around the world has a major effect on peoples perception of the world. Travel helps to counter the effects of the media and generally increase a persons perception of an area, especially if it is a popular vacation destination.

Gender Essay - 2202 Words

â€Å"A businessman is aggressive; a businesswoman is pushy. A businessman is good on details; she is picky. He follows through; she doesn’t know when to quit. He stands firm; she is hard. His judgements are her prejudices. He is a man of the world; she’s been around. He isn’t afraid to say what is on his mind; she is mouthy. He exercises authority diligently; she’s power mad. He’s closemouthed; she’s secretive. He climbed the ladder of success; she slept her way to the top. From the first moment a child begins to understand the spoken word, they begin to receive messages about societies view of the different sexes. Language itself can not be deemed good or bad, but it does reflect individual or societal values. The above example displays the†¦show more content†¦He claimed that the women’s contribution to the language is to maintain its purity, cause by the way they shrink from coarseness and vulgarity. â€Å"There can be no doubt that women exercise a great and universal influence on linguistic development through their instinctive shrinking from coarse and vulgar expressions and their preferences for refined, and (in certain spheres) veiled and indirect expression.† (Jespersen, 1922) It is men’s language, which is endowed with vigor, imagination and creativity. It has been said that women have a smaller vocabulary than men do and that which they do have they tend to misuse. As examples he quotes that women use intensifying adverbs ‘with disregard of their proper meaning, as in the German ‘reisig klein’ (gigantically small), the English ‘awfully pretty’, and ‘terribly nice’†¦ Danish ‘raedsimt morosom’ (awfully funny)’. It has been claimed that women also suffer from an inability to finish sentences and while there is more talk from women there is less substance. None of these claims were based on evidence but were mere conjecture on. The women encountered may well have had smaller vocabulary then the men, but those women then were often denied the education permitted to most men. The statement that women talk more is a familiar folk-linguistic claim and that there is not a substantial body of evidence to theShow MoreRelatedGender, Gender And Gender932 Words   |  4 Pagescommonalities found throughout the text, which challenges the representation of gender identity in last week’s materials. One of the similarities found throughout this week’s materials is that gender is complex. Professor Davis’s lecture â€Å"Sex Gender – It’s Complicated† defines â€Å"Binary gender: man or women, female or male, and masculine and feminine. Two distinct categories† (slide 5). The Western society mostly see gender as binary, black and white. However, Baird writes in â€Å"Transgender: ‘as the starsR ead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Stereotypes1582 Words   |  7 PagesThere are multiple examples and instances where the object of a joke has something to do with gender and gender stereotypes. These types of jokes seem to take center stage at any comedy performance or routine, and the audience loves it. Gender in association with humor brings up a great deal of questions. Do males and females see humor differently? Are there any similarities in the way the sexes view humor? And is there any truth to the thought that humans enjoy crass humor more than other typesRead MoreGender : Gender And Gender1767 Words   |  8 PagesGender’s role in Authority In what ways is the male gender superior to the female gender in relation to â€Å"The Homeric Hymn to Demeter†? It tells the story of Persephone, goddess of spring, taken against her will by Hades. Her grieving mother, Demeter, goes through great lengths to be reunited with her beloved daughter. The hymn portrays a great divide in authority between both genders. The male gods use their authority without consequence. They assert their power on others without taking into accountRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Equality1391 Words   |  6 PagesThis essay will look at Gender discrimination in an Australian prospective with some overseas perspectives overlapping this essay will look at gender deference’s in pay in Australia and discuss the ideas and arguments surrounding gender equality in the work place. Gender equity in work place is still a heavily understudied in Australia and as is more or less worldwide. In Australia a country of so called â€Å"equality† w hich is still, even in the 21st century is an ambiguous and questionable ideal asRead MoreGender Inequality : Gender And Gender1575 Words   |  7 Pagesthere’s something â€Å"natural† about gender distinction because biology makes one sex different from the other. What they don’t know is gender is the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male. Gender is not a trait we are born with, rather it is a â€Å"brand† to which we are labeled with. It refers to the psychological, social, cultural, and behavioral characteristics that are being associated with being a female or male. Gender involves hierarchy, ranking menRead MoreGender Socialization : Gender And Gender1040 Words   |  5 Pagesillis Women Studies 9 online Oct 8, 2015 Gender Socialization Gender, according to Lorber, is the product of a range of social forces that influence our gender construction through a system of reward and punishment. throughout my life, I have been taught to be a women by family and through society, all that at some point supported the goals I had for myself or created obstacles by challenging my own ideas of what meant to be a strong women. Gender socialization is the process by which individualsRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Roles1476 Words   |  6 Pagesmen were the predominant head of the household and women were expected to cook, watch their kids, and clean? This is an excellent example of gender roles, and how they control some aspects of life. Gender roles according to multiple sources are, the way people behave, what they do and say, to express being a female or male. (â€Å"Gender Identity†, Blackstone, Gender Spectrum). They are forced upon an individual from the day that person is born even in the most trivial of terms of putting boys in blueRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Identity931 Words   |  4 Pagesor female gender. This self-identity problem can usually be accompanied by numerous forms of treatment to change ones’ physical appearance, and make it more consistent with their identified gender identity. In many cases, the individual can identify with the gender of the opposite sex to the point one believ es that he or she is a member of that gender group trapped in the wrong body. This is also called Gender Dysphoria or formerly known as Gender Identity Disorder. The person with gender dysphoriaRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Bias1429 Words   |  6 Pages Language and gender has become an increasingly popular topic of study over recent decades, most likely due to the second wave of feminism in the 1960s and 70s. This can also be seen in the fact that goals of linguistic studies shifted at this point, to not just look at grammatical differences between males and females but to examine sexism and gender bias in language. The wording of such studies becomes increasingly important in the modern era, as gender is now recognised as a socially constructedRead MoreGender, Gender And Gender Discrimination1303 Words   |  6 Pagesprecipitating gender inequity (MacWilliams, Schmidt, Bleich, 2013; U.S. Census Bureau, 2013). Unfortunately male nurses have become victims of discriminatory stereotypes which deter the recruitment of males into the profession (Meyers, 2003; O’Lynn, 2004; Rajacich, Kane, Williston, Cameron, 2013). Barriers of equality are impeded by the historical origin of modern nursing and to achieve integration in a femi nine dominated field remodeling nursing to include equality for both genders. Selecting this

Why Are Mothers Better Parents Than Fathers - 700 Words

In Satoshi Kanazawa’s article, â€Å"Why Are Mothers Better Parents Than Fathers?† he attempts to explain why men are less dedicated and less committed to parenting than women. His argument is weak based on the inadequate and unreliable information he provides. The result is an article that is humorous at the least, but also lacks the logical support needed to make it a good argumentative article. During the course of this essay, I will address why Kanazawa’s argument is flawed and discuss why no gender is better than the other when it comes to parenting. Kanazawa begins his introduction with a scene from the 1999 horror movie The Blair Witch Project, when Heather Donahue’s character sensed her and her friends’ death in the woods so she turned†¦show more content†¦Kanazawa failed to mention that â€Å"the 2000 census found that the number of single-father households rose 62 percent in 10 years† (Armas). The first argument Kanazawa makes, is paternity uncertainty is one of the biological factors that make fathers less committed than mothers. Kanazawa states, â€Å"Because gestation for all mammals (including humans) takes place internally within the female’s body, the male can never be certain of his paternity, whereas maternity is always certain. . . . naturally, men are not motivated to invest in children who have a distinct possibility of not being theirs† (Kanazawa). He then tries to justify his paternity uncertainty explanation by using the clichà © phrase, â€Å"Mommy’s Baby, Daddy’s Maybe†. Later saying, â€Å"†¦no father has ever been completely certain of his paternity. The best he can say is ‘maybe’† (Kanazawa). Kanazawa makes a lot of blank statements with this first example, and the explanation gives no insight to his initial question. In a sense, he centers his statements around paternity tests which quite fran kly cost the same as a large box of condoms so if paternity uncertainty is really the problem, a trip to Wal-Mart or the nearest pharmacy store could solve all questions if we were to really rely on Kanazawa’s assumptions. The second biological factor Kanazawa gives for the absence of men is their higher fitness ceiling, in orderShow MoreRelated The Fathers Rights in Child Custody Issues Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States today more than one-half of all marriages end in divorce. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reason why women have typically received custody of the children far more often than the fathers. In order to better understand child custody one must first examine how fathers have often times been left out of the picture, and conversely why mothers have had such hard times raising children on their own. This paper will first examine the perspective of a father who has lost custody ofRead MorePoverty Among Teenage Mothers and The Child’s Outcome Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesMany studies have shown that teenage mothers and their child have a high risk of living in poverty, due to not completing high school, being a single parent and their lack of knowledge and readi ness to raise a child because of unplanned pregnancies. Children born of teenage mothers are at a higher risk maltreatment and poor performance in school. In addition, many studies have also shown that teenage pregnancies and poverty have an effect on their child’s development. Teenage pregnancy and theRead MoreMisconceptions About Working Parents1549 Words   |  7 PagesOne such example are parents who work while being parents. Although part of society might see working parents as neglective, that is not the case of all parents, and many are no different than those who stay at home to take care of their children. Working parents have a bad reputation when it comes down to well parenting. Many see them as uncaring and unloving towards their children. Others see them as not having time for their families. Many parents have no choice than to take work and putRead More Psychology - Life With (or Without) Father Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagespurposes. The first purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of fathers’ antisocial behaviors have on their children while differentiating between those fathers who have very antisocial behavior with those that have very little. The second purpose was the find out if the effects of a father’s being in his child’s life was the same in every family. The third purpose in this study was to find out whether the children of antisocial fathers were going to develop behavioral problems fromRead More What Do Children Owe Their Parents? Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen placed on this earth was made by the choice of their parents, who were given the opportunity to procreate. As children grow up and become adults, their parents become elderly and are unable to take care of themselves. Grown children don’t owe their parents anything, but to have a relationship of honoring their parents with love and respect. Parents are role models who are the important key elements in a child’s development. Your parents were there to give you life, to take care of you and toRead MoreAbortion: Every Womans Right Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesolder than 24 weeks and so cannot feel pain. If the foetus was brought in to the world unwanted, unloved and entering into a life of torture, is this not where the pain comes into it? is it not better that the child had passed away painlessly as an embryo in the mothers womb, rather than living a life if torture. well abortion isnt the only answer here. Adoption is a process that has proven to be successful in the past so why not now. True it means that the mother willRead MoreA Single Mother Working Three Jobs1637 Words   |  7 PagesPicture this, a single mother working three jobs, she has three girls who are all in school. She has to be sure that they are fed, bathed, clothed, get to school, ball practice, tutoring and everywhere else safely. All of that seems like a lot for one person, but one of the most important things was not even listed. Do you know what that was? Providing a home for them to live in, that is the most important task for her, paying the bills to keep all of these things fall under that too. That was theRead MoreMarriage Is Particularly Among Poor, Poor And Poor Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesline of thinking often doesn’t work and poor mothers and their children are stuck by themselves, using only one income to survive and still living in poverty. However, having marriage first and then having children can be a successful and significant way to help poor women and their children get out of poverty. First, it is important to understand why the poor do not get married in the first place. When Having Babies Beats Marriage, explains why the poor do not get married. The reasons beingRead MoreEssay about Your first lab link can be found at What Makes a Good Parent822 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿MIREN RULE Your first lab link can be found at What Makes a Good Parent? A written transcript is also available for this lab. What makes a good parent according to Dr. Tanya Byron? According to Dr. Tanya Bryon she states that being a good parent is one that doesn’t worry a lot about being a good one. She said that parents who follow a book or a step-by-step process tend to have problems. Parenting should be done by the heart not from someone or something else. What are some of the common problemsRead MoreSense and Domain for Father Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesdictionary, father is defined as â€Å"a male parent in relation to his natural child or children.† This meaning is derived from the (nuclear) family view of parent and children relation. Then, what is a family? According to dictionary, family means â€Å"a group consisting of parents and children living together in a household.† In this sense, father is a important participant in the parents and the family domain. Therefore, parents are a base for father (as much as it is also a base for mother) and a family

Rp Rizal free essay sample

Towards Community in a Doomed World: Rediscovering Rizal’s Prophetic Vision in the Age of Peak Oil and Global Warming 1 By Floro Quibuyen Because my talk addresses the future, I wish to dedicate it to my 10-year old daughter Ligaya and her generation. They will be inheriting the mess that their elders have created. On their shoulders rests the impossible job of atoning for the sins of their fathers and mothers. Perhaps the best tribute to Rizal has been said by Apolinario Mabini. In his lonely exile, compelled to live in Guam for refusing to submit to the conquering Americans, a militant nationalist to the core, Mabini pondered on the failure of the Revolution and remembered Rizal: In contrast to Burgos who wept because he died guiltless, Rizal went to the execution ground calm and even cheerful, to show that he was happy to sacrifice his life, which he had dedicated to the good of all Filipinos, confident that in love and gratitude they would always remember him and follow his example and teaching. In truth the merit of Rizal’s sacrifice consists precisely in that it was voluntary and conscious. †¦ From the day Rizal understood the misfortunes of his native land and decided to work to redress them, his vivid imagination never ceased to picture to him at every moment of his life the terrors of the death that awaited him; thus he learned not to fear it, and had no fear when it came to take him away; the life of Rizal, from the time he dedicated it to the service of his native land, was therefore a continuing death, bravely endured until the end for love of his countrymen.God grant that they will know how to render to him the only tribute worthy of his memory: the imitation of his virtues (Mabini, The Philippine Revolution, trans by Leon Ma. Guerrero 1969, 45; emphasis mine). Indeed we have a lot to learn from Rizal’s example, and on this bright Sunday morning I wish to share with you some relatively unexplored facets in Rizal’s life that I think can help us navigate our way through our present predicament, both globally and Updated from author’s Annual Rizal Day Lecture on 30 December 2007, 8am, at Fort Santiago, Intramuros Manila.Sponsored by the National Historical Institute. 1 1 locally. These are: 1) his 1890 essay, Filipinas dentro de cien anos, 2) his concept of the nation, 3) his Dapitan years, and 4) his hitherto unnoticed minor study on Oceania. I will try to relate all four to the impending global catastrophes that the Philippines and the world will be facing in the next 30 years—global warming and peak oil. The media has finally taken notice of global warming, although scientists have been sounding the alarm for decades. But peak oil is hardly mentioned in the media.I recently asked a highly educated and most articulate young congressman if peak oil is being discussed at all in congress and his reply was, What is peak oil? It is the codename for the inevitable decline of petroleum upon reaching peak production and it forebodes the end of industrial civilization. We are facing that crisis within 30 years. 90% of us will still be around when that happens. And definitely for our children and their children, our grandchildren, that is the world that they will inherit. One virtue of Rizal that’s most cogent for our time is his courage to see behind the veils of comfortable illusions and confront the future.This he demonstrated in his groundbreaking essay Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos, arguably the most important essay of the Solidaridad. Indeed, it stands alone in Filipino nationalist literature. I know of no other work by a Filipino scholar that envisions the Philippines in one hundred years. If you have not read anything on Rizal, and you have time for only one essay, I urge you to read Filipinas dentro de cien anos. This essay antedates an emerging academic discipline that we now call Futuristics or Futures Studies that is being offered for the first time in my school, the Asian Center at University of the Philippines in Diliman. On the strength 2 of his essay, Rizal ought to be called the father of Philippine futuristics. On the basis of a careful analysis of the historical forces—both local and global— impinging on the Philippines towards the 1890s and through a series of logical steps or arguments involving disjunctive syllogisms, Rizal comes up with the most likely scenario for the Philippines within one hundred years. I’ll summarize his lengthy essay by focusing on his three basic arguments or theses.His first point recapitulates his Morga thesis (the argument in his annotations to Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las isles Filipinas): Soon after being incorporated in the crown of Spain, [Filipinas] had to support with her blood and the vigor of her sons the wars and imperialistic ambitions of the Spanish nation. In these struggles, in these terrible crisis of peoples when they change government, laws, usages, customs, religion, and beliefs, the Philippines was depopulated, impoverished, and retarded, astounded by her metamorphosis, with no more confidence in her past, still without faith in her future. . . Then began a new era for the Filipinos; little by little they lost their old traditions, the mementos of their past; they gave up their writing, their songs, their poems, their laws in order to learn by rote other doctrines which they did not understand, another morality, another aesthetics different from those inspired by their climate and their manner of thinking.Then they declined, degrading themselves in their own eyes; they became ashamed of what was their own; they began to admire and praise whatever was foreign and incomprehensible; their spirit was dismayed and it surrendered (Political and Historical Writings of Jose Rizal National Historical Institute, 130-31). Then Rizal strikes a hopeful note and brings up his second point. Surveying the present trend, Rizal declares: Futures Studies or Futuristics was first instituted in 1975 as the M.S Program in Studies of the Future at the University of Houston-Clear Lake, and in 1976 as the M. A Program in Public Policy in Alternat ive Futures at the Political Science Department of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. One of the founding fathers of Futures Studies is Johann Galtung. Having been exposed to this discipline as a Political Science doctoral student of the U. H, I proposed the course to the Asian Center.It was approved by the university council of U. P in the first semester of school year 2007-08. 2 3 Today there is a factor which did not exist before. The national spirit has awakened, and a common misfortune and a common abasement have united all the inhabitants of the Islands. It counts on a large enlightened class within and without the Archipelago, a class created and augmented more and more thanks to the official provocations and the system of persecution.