Why Are Mothers Better Parents Than Fathers - 700 Words

In Satoshi Kanazawa’s article, â€Å"Why Are Mothers Better Parents Than Fathers?† he attempts to explain why men are less dedicated and less committed to parenting than women. His argument is weak based on the inadequate and unreliable information he provides. The result is an article that is humorous at the least, but also lacks the logical support needed to make it a good argumentative article. During the course of this essay, I will address why Kanazawa’s argument is flawed and discuss why no gender is better than the other when it comes to parenting. Kanazawa begins his introduction with a scene from the 1999 horror movie The Blair Witch Project, when Heather Donahue’s character sensed her and her friends’ death in the woods so she turned†¦show more content†¦Kanazawa failed to mention that â€Å"the 2000 census found that the number of single-father households rose 62 percent in 10 years† (Armas). The first argument Kanazawa makes, is paternity uncertainty is one of the biological factors that make fathers less committed than mothers. Kanazawa states, â€Å"Because gestation for all mammals (including humans) takes place internally within the female’s body, the male can never be certain of his paternity, whereas maternity is always certain. . . . naturally, men are not motivated to invest in children who have a distinct possibility of not being theirs† (Kanazawa). He then tries to justify his paternity uncertainty explanation by using the clichà © phrase, â€Å"Mommy’s Baby, Daddy’s Maybe†. Later saying, â€Å"†¦no father has ever been completely certain of his paternity. The best he can say is ‘maybe’† (Kanazawa). Kanazawa makes a lot of blank statements with this first example, and the explanation gives no insight to his initial question. In a sense, he centers his statements around paternity tests which quite fran kly cost the same as a large box of condoms so if paternity uncertainty is really the problem, a trip to Wal-Mart or the nearest pharmacy store could solve all questions if we were to really rely on Kanazawa’s assumptions. The second biological factor Kanazawa gives for the absence of men is their higher fitness ceiling, in orderShow MoreRelated The Fathers Rights in Child Custody Issues Essay667 Words   |  3 PagesUnited States today more than one-half of all marriages end in divorce. The purpose of this paper is to examine the reason why women have typically received custody of the children far more often than the fathers. In order to better understand child custody one must first examine how fathers have often times been left out of the picture, and conversely why mothers have had such hard times raising children on their own. This paper will first examine the perspective of a father who has lost custody ofRead MorePoverty Among Teenage Mothers and The Child’s Outcome Essay934 Words   |  4 PagesMany studies have shown that teenage mothers and their child have a high risk of living in poverty, due to not completing high school, being a single parent and their lack of knowledge and readi ness to raise a child because of unplanned pregnancies. Children born of teenage mothers are at a higher risk maltreatment and poor performance in school. In addition, many studies have also shown that teenage pregnancies and poverty have an effect on their child’s development. Teenage pregnancy and theRead MoreMisconceptions About Working Parents1549 Words   |  7 PagesOne such example are parents who work while being parents. Although part of society might see working parents as neglective, that is not the case of all parents, and many are no different than those who stay at home to take care of their children. Working parents have a bad reputation when it comes down to well parenting. Many see them as uncaring and unloving towards their children. Others see them as not having time for their families. Many parents have no choice than to take work and putRead More Psychology - Life With (or Without) Father Essay1473 Words   |  6 Pagespurposes. The first purpose of this study was to better understand the effects of fathers’ antisocial behaviors have on their children while differentiating between those fathers who have very antisocial behavior with those that have very little. The second purpose was the find out if the effects of a father’s being in his child’s life was the same in every family. The third purpose in this study was to find out whether the children of antisocial fathers were going to develop behavioral problems fromRead More What Do Children Owe Their Parents? Essay1693 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen placed on this earth was made by the choice of their parents, who were given the opportunity to procreate. As children grow up and become adults, their parents become elderly and are unable to take care of themselves. Grown children don’t owe their parents anything, but to have a relationship of honoring their parents with love and respect. Parents are role models who are the important key elements in a child’s development. Your parents were there to give you life, to take care of you and toRead MoreAbortion: Every Womans Right Essay810 Words   |  4 Pagesolder than 24 weeks and so cannot feel pain. If the foetus was brought in to the world unwanted, unloved and entering into a life of torture, is this not where the pain comes into it? is it not better that the child had passed away painlessly as an embryo in the mothers womb, rather than living a life if torture. well abortion isnt the only answer here. Adoption is a process that has proven to be successful in the past so why not now. True it means that the mother willRead MoreA Single Mother Working Three Jobs1637 Words   |  7 PagesPicture this, a single mother working three jobs, she has three girls who are all in school. She has to be sure that they are fed, bathed, clothed, get to school, ball practice, tutoring and everywhere else safely. All of that seems like a lot for one person, but one of the most important things was not even listed. Do you know what that was? Providing a home for them to live in, that is the most important task for her, paying the bills to keep all of these things fall under that too. That was theRead MoreMarriage Is Particularly Among Poor, Poor And Poor Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagesline of thinking often doesn’t work and poor mothers and their children are stuck by themselves, using only one income to survive and still living in poverty. However, having marriage first and then having children can be a successful and significant way to help poor women and their children get out of poverty. First, it is important to understand why the poor do not get married in the first place. When Having Babies Beats Marriage, explains why the poor do not get married. The reasons beingRead MoreEssay about Your first lab link can be found at What Makes a Good Parent822 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿MIREN RULE Your first lab link can be found at What Makes a Good Parent? A written transcript is also available for this lab. What makes a good parent according to Dr. Tanya Byron? According to Dr. Tanya Bryon she states that being a good parent is one that doesn’t worry a lot about being a good one. She said that parents who follow a book or a step-by-step process tend to have problems. Parenting should be done by the heart not from someone or something else. What are some of the common problemsRead MoreSense and Domain for Father Essay840 Words   |  4 Pagesdictionary, father is defined as â€Å"a male parent in relation to his natural child or children.† This meaning is derived from the (nuclear) family view of parent and children relation. Then, what is a family? According to dictionary, family means â€Å"a group consisting of parents and children living together in a household.† In this sense, father is a important participant in the parents and the family domain. Therefore, parents are a base for father (as much as it is also a base for mother) and a family

Rp Rizal free essay sample

Towards Community in a Doomed World: Rediscovering Rizal’s Prophetic Vision in the Age of Peak Oil and Global Warming 1 By Floro Quibuyen Because my talk addresses the future, I wish to dedicate it to my 10-year old daughter Ligaya and her generation. They will be inheriting the mess that their elders have created. On their shoulders rests the impossible job of atoning for the sins of their fathers and mothers. Perhaps the best tribute to Rizal has been said by Apolinario Mabini. In his lonely exile, compelled to live in Guam for refusing to submit to the conquering Americans, a militant nationalist to the core, Mabini pondered on the failure of the Revolution and remembered Rizal: In contrast to Burgos who wept because he died guiltless, Rizal went to the execution ground calm and even cheerful, to show that he was happy to sacrifice his life, which he had dedicated to the good of all Filipinos, confident that in love and gratitude they would always remember him and follow his example and teaching. In truth the merit of Rizal’s sacrifice consists precisely in that it was voluntary and conscious. †¦ From the day Rizal understood the misfortunes of his native land and decided to work to redress them, his vivid imagination never ceased to picture to him at every moment of his life the terrors of the death that awaited him; thus he learned not to fear it, and had no fear when it came to take him away; the life of Rizal, from the time he dedicated it to the service of his native land, was therefore a continuing death, bravely endured until the end for love of his countrymen.God grant that they will know how to render to him the only tribute worthy of his memory: the imitation of his virtues (Mabini, The Philippine Revolution, trans by Leon Ma. Guerrero 1969, 45; emphasis mine). Indeed we have a lot to learn from Rizal’s example, and on this bright Sunday morning I wish to share with you some relatively unexplored facets in Rizal’s life that I think can help us navigate our way through our present predicament, both globally and Updated from author’s Annual Rizal Day Lecture on 30 December 2007, 8am, at Fort Santiago, Intramuros Manila.Sponsored by the National Historical Institute. 1 1 locally. These are: 1) his 1890 essay, Filipinas dentro de cien anos, 2) his concept of the nation, 3) his Dapitan years, and 4) his hitherto unnoticed minor study on Oceania. I will try to relate all four to the impending global catastrophes that the Philippines and the world will be facing in the next 30 years—global warming and peak oil. The media has finally taken notice of global warming, although scientists have been sounding the alarm for decades. But peak oil is hardly mentioned in the media.I recently asked a highly educated and most articulate young congressman if peak oil is being discussed at all in congress and his reply was, What is peak oil? It is the codename for the inevitable decline of petroleum upon reaching peak production and it forebodes the end of industrial civilization. We are facing that crisis within 30 years. 90% of us will still be around when that happens. And definitely for our children and their children, our grandchildren, that is the world that they will inherit. One virtue of Rizal that’s most cogent for our time is his courage to see behind the veils of comfortable illusions and confront the future.This he demonstrated in his groundbreaking essay Filipinas Dentro de Cien Anos, arguably the most important essay of the Solidaridad. Indeed, it stands alone in Filipino nationalist literature. I know of no other work by a Filipino scholar that envisions the Philippines in one hundred years. If you have not read anything on Rizal, and you have time for only one essay, I urge you to read Filipinas dentro de cien anos. This essay antedates an emerging academic discipline that we now call Futuristics or Futures Studies that is being offered for the first time in my school, the Asian Center at University of the Philippines in Diliman. On the strength 2 of his essay, Rizal ought to be called the father of Philippine futuristics. On the basis of a careful analysis of the historical forces—both local and global— impinging on the Philippines towards the 1890s and through a series of logical steps or arguments involving disjunctive syllogisms, Rizal comes up with the most likely scenario for the Philippines within one hundred years. I’ll summarize his lengthy essay by focusing on his three basic arguments or theses.His first point recapitulates his Morga thesis (the argument in his annotations to Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las isles Filipinas): Soon after being incorporated in the crown of Spain, [Filipinas] had to support with her blood and the vigor of her sons the wars and imperialistic ambitions of the Spanish nation. In these struggles, in these terrible crisis of peoples when they change government, laws, usages, customs, religion, and beliefs, the Philippines was depopulated, impoverished, and retarded, astounded by her metamorphosis, with no more confidence in her past, still without faith in her future. . . Then began a new era for the Filipinos; little by little they lost their old traditions, the mementos of their past; they gave up their writing, their songs, their poems, their laws in order to learn by rote other doctrines which they did not understand, another morality, another aesthetics different from those inspired by their climate and their manner of thinking.Then they declined, degrading themselves in their own eyes; they became ashamed of what was their own; they began to admire and praise whatever was foreign and incomprehensible; their spirit was dismayed and it surrendered (Political and Historical Writings of Jose Rizal National Historical Institute, 130-31). Then Rizal strikes a hopeful note and brings up his second point. Surveying the present trend, Rizal declares: Futures Studies or Futuristics was first instituted in 1975 as the M.S Program in Studies of the Future at the University of Houston-Clear Lake, and in 1976 as the M. A Program in Public Policy in Alternat ive Futures at the Political Science Department of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. One of the founding fathers of Futures Studies is Johann Galtung. Having been exposed to this discipline as a Political Science doctoral student of the U. H, I proposed the course to the Asian Center.It was approved by the university council of U. P in the first semester of school year 2007-08. 2 3 Today there is a factor which did not exist before. The national spirit has awakened, and a common misfortune and a common abasement have united all the inhabitants of the Islands. It counts on a large enlightened class within and without the Archipelago, a class created and augmented more and more thanks to the official provocations and the system of persecution.

Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics

For some time, during and after Canada’s financial crisis in 2008, it was considered fashionable to refer to the country as a regulatory and fiscal prudence paragon. In the years preceding the crisis, the government in Canada involved in budget surpluses. This enabled the country to grow the economy, while avoiding huge debt loads.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Extremely high debt loads are experienced in Spain and Greece. Moreover, the banking system in Canada underwent critical capital requirements. It is also worth noting that they were more averse to risks, as opposed to the counterparts in Europe and America (Von Hagen, Schuknecht Wolswijk, 2011). Maybe the most vital aspect is that Canada did not engage in the kind of real estate experiences as is the case in Great Britain and the United States. This is as a result of the str ingent lending standards. In addition, there is no mortgage interest deductibility. The financial crisis experienced worldwide paralyses financial institutions in the developed countries. In addition, it led to bailouts in countries, as well as banks. It is worth noting that the financial sector in Canada was not greatly affected by the financial crisis, even in the absence of taxpayer- financed bailouts. Moreover, the banking sector in Canada remained extremely well capitalized and stable. There are several measures that Canada took to safeguard the stability in its financial system (Reinhart Rogoff, 2008). It is worth mentioning that slightly before the crisis, the bank funding structure was extremely favourable. This is because banks depended more on depository as opposed to wholesale funding. The second strategy is that Canada possesses extremely restrictive capital sufficiency regulatory measures globally. This is in regard to the allowed capital deductions, risk- weighting, a s well as permissible regulatory capital definitions. Furthermore, the banking system’s structure in Canada is attributable for making the sector more solid. In the country, tight measures as well as heavy regulation upon entry resulted to extremely concentrated banking systems. These were dominated by five of the biggest competitors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whereas this system is responsible for making the sector slightly less competitive, the sector became more regulatory. This, consequently, reduced the banking sector’s shadow size. The dilemma concerning regulators is a trade- off, which supervisors regularly face as far as stability and competitiveness are concerned. In my opinion, the performance of the economy prior to the crisis, the 2-4 % yearly GDP growth rate in 1999- 2008, as well as the banking sector while the crisis was on going indicate that the country has a perfect balance (Afonso, Kovner Schoar, 2011). As mentioned earlier, the funding structure in Canada was extremely favourable. This is as a result of the Canadian banks reliance on depository as opposed to wholesale funding. Huang and Ratnovski (2009) argue that in banks where funding was dependent on deposits, there was great resilience during the financial crisis. This was the opposite for banks that had a greater reliance on wholesale funding. The liquidity ratios and capitalization were a source of strength for the banks in Canada. This is irrespective of the fact that they were not more in OECD jurisdiction. It is worth noting with keen concern that the exposure Canada to the mortgage assets in the United States was minimal. According to Erkens, Hung and Matos (2012), this is in comparison to the other countries in OECD. In addition, domestic mortgage lending was considered keenly in US. The regulatory framework gave limits to the risks that the banking sector undertook. Traditionally, the nation possesses stringent capital sufficiency regulatory measures as opposed to other more developed economies. This is even before the Basel Accord. Studies indicate that Canada possessed the tightest supervisory capital strategies prior to the financial crisis. 15% of capital is as a result of attractive financial instruments. On the other hand, seventy five percent results from common equity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the regulatory framework acts as a restriction for maximum multiple assets. These regulations were responsible for preventing the Canadian banks from assets that eventually turned out to be toxic. Another idea is that the regulations were responsible for the great capital requirements, which were past the requirements stated by Basel Accords. The banking system arrangeme nt is conventionally attributable to the stability experienced in the sector. The stringent precincts and heavy protocols upon entry, resulted to a banking system, which was highly focused. While the sector was rendered less competitive, regulating the sector was made easier. It is the reason why the Canadian system is attributed to great equity returns. The financial system in Canada offers several insights in regard to the creation of firm banking system (Financial Post, 2012). This refer to banks that are well- capitalized and have little leverage, transparency in the systems, risks have links, reward, performance, and an acceptable culture. The Canadian banks were extremely successful since they never engaged in sophisticated financial trades, compared to the counterparts in the United States. Consequently, the financial system was capable of withstanding the turmoil and avoiding bailouts. According to Mark Carney, â€Å"Wholesale reforms of regulation, changes to policy and ad justment of private behaviour are required. We should all approach these tasks with a measure of humility.† References Afonso, G., Kovner, A., Schoar, A. (2011). Stressed, not frozen: The federal funds market in the financial crisis, The Journal of Finance, 66(4), 1109-1139. Erkens, D. H., Hung, M., Matos, P. (2012). Corporate governance in the 2007–2008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide, Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(2), 389-411. Financial Post. (2012). Mark Carney’s Most Memorable Quotes. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reinhart, C. M., Rogoff, K. S. (2008). Is the 2007 US sub-prime financial crisis so different? An international historical comparison (No. w13761). National Bureau of Economic Research, 21(2), 1- 92. Von Hagen, J., Schuknecht, L., Wolswijk, G. (2011). Government bond risk premiums in the EU revisited: The Impact of the financial crisis. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(1), 36-43. This essay on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics was written and submitted by user GitHoskins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cause and Effect Essay on Technology

Cause and Effect Essay on Technology Cause and Effect Essay on Technology Technology has been part of mans development since the first man took up a dried husk to scoop up water. Over the millenniums technology developed from using stones as rudimentary tools to such developments as sending men to the moon, or probes into our galaxy and beyond. The debate has long raged as to whether technology is the cause or the effect of situations. Water technology, which is vital to mans existence, is an example that mans need drives technology. Early man simply lived beside Lakes Rivers or streams. Their numbers were small and the supply immense renewed every rainy season. In Egypt, the Nile flooded every year depositing silt. However, to grow crops it was necessary to develop technology. This was the cause or reason for their effort. They had this fertile soil, a mighty river of fresh water, but to farm they needed to bring water from the river to the fields. They soon developed a system of canals, and buckets mounted on frames to lift water from the river into the canals. The effects were staggering. Not only did they feed themselves, soon they became the breadbasket of the known world. This had further effect in that it caused businesses to develop, trade in many imports and wealth to pay for it. Finally, it paid for further technological development in areas such as military power. In Europe as populations grew and formed towns water supply was a critical issue. The need for water began to drive technological development. Most these towns started next to a water supply, but as numbers grew, there was not enough. An example was Rome. The city was built on the Tiber River, which met the need. However, as the city grew the Tiber was not sufficient. Distances from the river grew, and pollution from human waste contaminated it. Technology was called for to solve the problem. Roman engineers came up with technology to solve it. Aqueducts were built running from the mountains where there was abundant fresh water. Pumps were designed to lift water, and to push it. Soon Rome was fed with clean water via these aqueducts, some of which survive until today. The effects were many. First, the city could grow unhindered by water restrictions. Rome became the centre of a 1000-year empire, had flush toilets, running water for baths, and fountains throughout the city. After the empire collapsed, it was for the next 1000 years the centre of religious and political power in Europe. In the colonization of the United States the small villages, who drew water from the river they were built beside began to grow. One of the reasons was the waves of new immigrants coming to settle. Villages grew to become towns and cities. Water was essential and new technologies were needed as mega cities emerged. Without water, New York or Los Angeles would not exist and without technology, there would be no water. There are 3.8 million people live in this desert like area and city. Their water comes from other states via aqueducts. The Hoover Dam was built on the Colorado River in Nevada, and water channeled from there to California. The Hoover dam was a technological miracle. Its effect is to supply the mega Californian city Los Angeles with water, and the powerful Californian economy. Without it, Los Angeles could not exist. Water technology is the cause that we have our great mega cities and their wonderful contributions to our societies. Tips for writing this cause and effect essay: To write a cause and effect essay, you need to select an event that resulted in various effects. Explain what the event was, and why it happened. You may need to narrow a broad topic. Do this by choosing a category that interests you. Do your research and once you have gathered your material analyze it. Divide it into two sections, the cause and effect. Create a simple thesis statement and the start by introducing the cause. Once you have clearly explained it, then start to explain the effects in a logical manner. Wrap it up with a simple summary of your points. Hire an essay writer online at and have your cause and effect paper written from scratch. High-quality custom essay writing with on-time delivery.

Biofuel as alternative energy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Biofuel as alternative energy - Essay Example Bioalcohol is composed of denaturized ethyl alcohol. This implies that the alcohol is transformed into an unviable substance for use (Scragg 2009). Basically, it is a form of alcohol that is obtained from fuel reserves. There are four distinct kinds of bioalcohol, namely, butanol, propanol, ethanol, and methanol (Scragg 2009). Bioalcohol is extracted from biological reserves. It cannot be ingested. Bioalcohol is used generally as a combination of petroleum and biofuel even though a number of new vehicles have the capacity to use 100% bioalcohol (Hayhurst 2003). An evident advantage of bioalcohol is that it can simply be produced practically anywhere there is organic life, flora and fauna. Factually any organic material can be transformed into bioalcohol with the application of biomass. Its burning process is clean or, basically, it does not emit any toxins (Hayhurst 2003). But there are disadvantages as well. One is that it requires substantial effort to guarantee that biomass is occurring correctly. Also, purchasing a flex fuel car may be more costly than an ordinary car, which may not be an attractive option to several consumers (Scragg 2009). There are also some issues with the production and use of bioalcohol. It is not used in majority of production or manufacturing procedures, which utilizes alcohol obtained from fossil fuels. Several scholars, particularly economists, claim that this fact reveals the economic impracticality of utilizing bioalcohol as a replacement for petroleum (Scragg 2009). Yet, a number of countries are now using bioalcohol, such as the United States and Brazil. Bioalcohol should be used because it reduces gas emissions that are generated by ordinary vehicles. Biodiesel is an ecological, recyclable, and renewable diesel fuel obtained from plant oil. It is an ideal replacement for diesel fuel

Risk Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk Management - Assignment Example SFC developed a risk matrix of the possible risks likely to occur during the implementation of the project detailing the mitigation measures. SFC currently has other projects that are not completed. If it wins the contract, the schedule of the other projects will be interfered. SFC cannot afford to lose the contract for the City project because of the proceeds expected from its completion. Mitigation measure for the risk, SFC has decided to discuss with the other clients and come up with a new realistic schedule to complete the homes. It will be beneficial to SFC to winning their customers trust and loyalty. The two employees present at SFC will not be enough to complete the current projects and that for Gig city. The employees will be strained making them inefficient in delivering quality services to the client especially that for constructing tourism facilities. This will risk SFC in failing to win future contracts from the Gig Harbor Council. SFC has identified hiring of new personnel will be the suitable mitigation measure for this risk. There is also a possibility of the prices construction materials to increase this is due to the booming construction business, thus high demand for the materials. An increase the cost of materials will have an adverse impact on the company since it was not budgeted for, during the planning stage. SFC identifies this risk as severe since it will not only affect the construction of tourism facility but other projects. The mitigation for this is to liaise with finance companies, who will step in during a financial crisis. SFC has a duty to protect its reputation for the City project and therefore reducing material requirement will result to a sub-standard work. If the completion of the construction of tourism facilities does not meet deadline, then SFC management should make an effort to discuss with the Council prior the actual deadline. It will make the Council aware and also gain trust from

Eleanor Roosevelt Essay Example for Free

Eleanor Roosevelt Essay Eleanor Roosevelt will always be remembered in history as the first woman to make a difference in the status of first lady. She was born in 1884 and died in 1962 and all through her life showed tremendous courage in facing what happened to her. Her childhood may be seen as having influenced her later life. It is considered to have been influential in shaping her life and her approach towards the problems evident in society. She was born in a very wealthy family because both sides of her family were very wealthy and also renowned families. However, her adult life defied the expectations of her class in society. She did not behave as the rest of her class members did. She did what they would not do due to their status in society. She was born Anna Eleanor Roosevelt in 1884 to Anna Hall and Elliot Roosevelt in New York. Her mother was famous for her beauty and was disappointed in Eleanor’s looks because she was not as beautiful or graceful as she wanted her to be. As a result, they did not become close in the short time they spent together. Her father was the younger brother to President Theodore who later actually gave Eleanor in her wedding since her parents were already dead by then (http://www. pbs. rg). Her mother died in 1892 when Eleanor was only 8 years old. Her relationship with her father was a bit better because he did not criticize her looks. They were however not very close because of marital problems experienced between him and Anna and hence ended up not communicating a lot with Eleanor. After the death of her mother, she moved in with her maternal grandmother and hence, instead of closing the rift between her and her father this ended up widening it. He died in 1894 when she was 10 years old due to drinking related problems. His behavior had led to his being disowned by his family. She had private tutors until the age of 15 when she joined Allenwood a finishing school where she met her mentor Madame Marie Sourvesre. She traveled all over Europe with her and she was the one who taught Eleanor â€Å"the lifestyle of an independent woman† (PBS 1999). She returned to New York at the age of 18. She became a social worker and it is at this time that she met Franklin Delano Roosevelt who was her fifth cousin. She got married in March 17, 1905 to Franklin D. Roosevelt. She introduced him to the world of poor people during their courtship when she was working as a social worker. Due to her the emotional problems she faced in her childhood as a result of the lack of affection from both her mother and father, she was able to give unto others unconditional love regardless of their status in life. She was also greatly affected by the constant reference people made in regards to beauty and the fact that she knew she was not a great beauty. This was carried on even in her engagement where she was not sure if she could maintain a marriage to her husband who was handsome where she whereas she was plain (http://www. drlibrary. marist. edu). She had very many accomplishments that started early in life even before her status as first lady. Although earlier in life she had not been interested in politics, she later became interested because she did not want to seem ignorant among her peers. The presence of her domineering mother-in-law led to her having more time to dedicate to her functions because her 6 children were watched by Sarah the mother-in-law. She wanted to continue having the status that she had achieved under the tutelage of Madame Souvestre. She felt that as long as she was around Sarah she would not be able to accomplish what she wanted to and so would involve herself in many activities in order to escape her (http://www. fdrlibrary. marist. edu). During World War 1, she volunteered both in the American Red Cross and also in the Navy hospitals. She worked tirelessly to help those afflicted by the war even though she did not like the war or even the idea of war. In 1920, she became an active member of the women’s suffrage movement. In an effort to fight for women and also enlighten them on their rights, she joined the League of Women Voters and became the vice president of its New York branch. In this group, she was able to encourage women to become voters and fought for the right of women to vote. The law allowing women to vote was passed in 1920. This was also made possible by the Women’s Division of the Democratic Party of which she was also a member. She was also a member of the Women’s Trade Union League which looked into the working conditions of women and fought for the improvement of the same. It also fought for the acceptance of women in the employment field. She was very concerned about women issues and would fight for them in any way possible. She also went ahead to establish Todhunter which was a private school for girls only. She co-owned it with her friend and became its assistant principal and also a teacher of history yet she had no formal certificate. She did this because she had admired Souvestre and wanted to follow in her footsteps. This happened in 1927. In 1918, Franklin Delano Roosevelt was discovered by Eleanor to be having an affair with her social secretary Mercer. She discovered love letters between the two. She threatened him with divorce if he did not end the affair. He promised he would and hence saved the marriage albeit his mother was involved. Although the marriage was saved, Eleanor became a different woman who channeled her energies to many situations that both took her time and also enlightened her more to women’s independence. It is also at this time that she joined the various women organizations and became very close to the women she was working with. In 1921, Franklin suffered from poliomyelitis which left paralyzed in both legs and his mother advised him to become a recluse. She wanted him to remain in Hyde-Park but Eleanor encouraged him to keep interested in politics. He took her advice and Eleanor would act as his informant gathering information from the citizens and giving it to him and discussing the various issues with him. He appeared in public on crutches in 1924 to nominate Governor Alfred E. Smith for president. This was all Eleanor’s doing because she was the one who encouraged him (Lash J. P. Eleanor 1972 pg 550-680). In the process of becoming his eyes and ears, on the ground, she ended up becoming an independent woman and this helped her deal with the hurt of her husband’s infidelity. She realized there was a problem of unemployment and this led her to form the Val-Kill furniture factory. This was in New York and its aim was to provide employment especially to those who were suffering from unemployment yet could learn skills that would provide an income for them. Later on the industry widened its activities to involve weaving and also pewter work. This impressed her husband very much and in the long run encouraged her to spend more and more time there. Franklin through her encouragement ran for governorship of New York and he was elected in 1928. He served in office up to 1933. In all this time, Eleanor would help him make legislations that were progressive. She did this by ensuring that she corresponded with the New York residents an understood their problems. She would also travel very much and in these travels would inspect the state institutions and report to Franklin what was going on and in what ways the issues could be resolved. Her work is what led to the re-election of her husband as a governor for a second term and also his nomination to become president. This is because he sued the information she had gathered to help improve the lives of the common people. Franklin became president in March 4 1933 and consequently Eleanor became America’s first lady. She did not approach this situation confidently since she was apprehensive on its impact in her life as an independent woman. Despite this, she adapted to the role quickly and actually went down in history as the longest serving first lady because Franklin was president from 1933-1945. Once she became first lady, she continued providing various opportunities for women she did this by holding press conferences where only female reporters were invited. It is through these conferences that she kept the public informed about the policies in the white house especially the New Deal which was supposed to help in the recovery from the depression (http://www. lkwdpl. org). In line with the effects of the depression, she persuaded FDR to create the National Youth Administration. This organization was supposed to help young people who due to the effects of the depression could either not join or complete their studies. They could only manage to do this if they had jobs which in turn affected their studies. She became the adviser to those who held the administration posts and also spoke on behalf of the program. She was also involved with the American Youth Congress which was also concerned with matters of the youth. She got involved with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. This is because she no longer held the view of white supremacy and viewed everyone as equals. She understood the plight of the black people in America and worked hard to ensure their rights were recognized and respected. She also worked with the National Council of Negro Women to help the black women. Her stand was made clear when she resigned from being a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution in 1939 because they had refused to allow Marian Anderson, who was a musician, to perform at Constitution Hall (http://www. pbs. org). At this time, the Second World War was starting off and although she detested war, she became involved in it because her sons were fighting in the war. During this time, she made numerous visits to England and also to the South Pacific. This she did in order to promote the good-will that was there among the allies. She also visited the United States troops that were abroad in order to boost their confidence and lift their spirits. She worked to rally civilian volunteerism to which she had been appointed as assistant director of the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) a post to which she had been appointed by Franklin. She however resigned from it later on due to complaints made about the people she appointed to work with her. FDR died in April 12 1945 and although she had assumed that her public life was over, she was proved wrong by the then president Harry S. Truman. He appointed her as a delegate in the United States Delegation to the United Nation’s General Assembly. In this capacity, she worked hard to ensure that the issues that pertained to social, humanitarian and cultural issues were dealt with. She held this position up to 1953 when she resigned. In this period, she was also the chairman of the Human Rights Commission and it is during her tenure that the Declaration of Human Rights was drafted. The declaration was adopted by the General Assembly on 10th December 1948. Her greatest achievement can be said to be the Declaration of Human Rights. This declaration emphasized the equality of all people regardless of their race, creed, color or gender. It therefore protected the way people that Eleanor had spent her whole life trying to protect and also improve their lives. It declared the right to life, liberty and equality to all people. It therefore meant that the poor, minorities and the disadvantaged were to be treated the same as those who were previously deemed to be superior. Through it, she was able to help the blacks, the women and those who were poor (Lash J. P. Eleanor 1972 pg 550-680). In the same year of 1948, she helped in the establishment of the state of Israel. This she did because she had always been sympathetic to the experience of the Jews at the hands of Adolph Hitler during the Second World War. She did not harbor ill feelings towards the Jews as did the rest of the upper-class. She also provided her help because she viewed herself first and foremost as a United Nations delegate whose work was to promote peace the world over. As a UN delegate, she also tried to establish negotiations with the Soviet Union although she was very cautious. This failed because they did not respect the Human Rights Declaration. From 1953, she volunteered as a member of the American Association for the United Nations. She did this in the capacity of a representative to the World Federation of United Nations. Later on she became the chairman of the Associations’ Board of Directors. John F. Kennedy reappointed her to the United States Delegation to United Nation in 1961. He also appointed her as a member of the National Advisory Committee of the Peace Corps and also the chairman of the President’s Commission on the status of women. She took on these responsibilities gladly as she was well versed with the operations of each (http://www. bs. org). In her lifetime, she had been involved in writing a daily column in the paper, which started in 1935 up to a few days prior to her death in 1962. This column was called â€Å"My Day†. She also started some question and answer column in the newspapers. She managed to write several books during her lifetime which are: This Is My Story (1937), This I Remember (1950), On My Own (1958), and Tomorrow Is Now (1963). Her last book was produced post humously and in it she praised Franklin for the social reforms he had put in place. She died in Nov 7 1962 and thus did not see it published. She was a lady who affected the western civilization in many ways. She proved that a woman can be able to perform remarkably in politics while still maintaining her dignity. The fact that she was able to accept every person regardless of their status in life led to the formation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This declaration opened the people’s eyes to the fact that all human beings are equal even if they come from different areas in life. She established that one has to be able to deal with what they cannot change and should not be judged by what is beyond their power to correct or change (Lash J. P.  Eleanor 1972 pg 550-680). She also exhibited that regardless of how high and mighty one’s family may be and also despite the wealth they have, anyone can be able to make a difference in the lives of those who are victimized and destitute. The western people held a lot of prejudice towards Jews and blacks and she went a long way to try and bridge the gap that existed by not having such prejudices. She also set the role that the other first ladies in America and world over ought to follow. They are not supposed to just sit back and watch what their husbands do but instead should get involved and learn as much as possible and help them out. On the question of how she affected the society, she did a lot to help women get the right to vote. She also encouraged the women to seek employment and provided any opportunity possible to women to ensure that they succeeded. She was also very concerned about the youth and their education. She valued education and ensured that through the formation of the National Youth Association that the American youth would be able to access quality formal education without the problems of having to search for a job. The various trips she made to meet the common man made her understand the problems that they faced everyday. She got to understand the impact of unemployment and also that of the Great Depression. She would give this information to Franklin and also suggest the various ways in which he could help solve the problems (http://www. pbs. org). The creation of the Val-Kill was intended to provide employment to those in New York who needed it yet could not get it. She therefore helped uplift the living standards of many Americans by providing employment and also avenues through which they could provide employment for themselves and for others. The face of the government changed from her time to include more women. The fact that women become voters meant that more women had chances of being voted in because they were voted in by their fellow women. She proved that women can be very good politicians and diplomats. As a U. N delegate she kept making attempts to bring about negotiations between America and the Soviet Union. Although she never succeeded in bridging this gap, she tried her best.